ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the effects of garlic (Allium sativum) on N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea induced transitional carcinoma in Wistar rats. METHODOLOGY: Transitional cell carcinoma was induced in thirty male, age-matched Wistar rats (45-50 days old) through intravesical instillation of 0.1mL of N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea. They were divided into five treatment groups (0.1 mL of NSS; 0.1 mL of Mitomycin C; 0.1 mL of aqueous garlic extract in 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg given daily for the duration of the study); with one rat sacrificed every week (starting two weeks from tumor induction) until all rats were sacrificed after one month. The urinary bladders of the rats were subjected to histopathologic examination by a single veterinary pathologist. One-way ANOVA was used to compare mitotic index, papillomatous growth and vascularization of the specimens at Day 14 (baseline), 21 and 28. A P-value of less than 0.05 was used to detect significant difference. RESULTS: Statistical analysis comparing mitotic index, papillomatous growth and vascularization showed no significant difference in the indices between the five treatment groups. It can be seen through that the P-value (0.144) for papillomatous growth was the smallest, which may indicate a trend towards a decrease in tumor growth at Day 28 for Mitomycin C and Garlic 40 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study showed a favorable trend towards decreased papillomatous growth in the MNU induced rat bladder carcinoma treated with aqueous extract of Garlic (Allium sativum) at a higher dose and longer duration of time.
Subject(s)
Male , Rats , Animals , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell , Neoplasms , Carcinoma , Garlic , Plants , Urinary Bladder , Rats, Wistar , Plant Extracts , Methylnitrosourea , Nitrosourea CompoundsABSTRACT
Background: Transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy has placed a role in the urologist armamentarium. Considered as a minor procedure, TRUS guided prostate biopsies has currently been performed without any anesthesia. Recent studies have observed that prostate biopsy is perceived as painfulObjective: A. To compare the effect of intrarectal lubricant gel application, intrarectal lidocaine gel application and periprostatic lidocaine injection on the pain scores of patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. B. To determine the differences in morbidity after the procedureMaterials and Methods: From January 2004 to August 2004, 100 men underwent prostate biopsy at a tertiary hospital. Patients were distributed into 3 groups (control, lidocaine gel, lidocaine injection). A visual analog scale was used to assess the pain score. The Shapiro-Wilk test was performed on all epidemiologic data as well as on the patients pain scores. Statistical analysis used includes analysis of variance for age and Kruskal-Wallis test for PSA level, prostate volume and pain score. Tukey and Mann Whitney U test were subsequently doneResults: Ultrasound guided prostate biopsy was done in 100 cases. There were no statistical difference as to age, PSA level and prostate volume between the 3 groups. There was no statistical difference in the pain scores of patients after intrarectal lubricant gel application and intrarectal lidocaine application. (4.933 versus 4.250, p 0.1375). However, there was a statistical difference in the pain scores of patients after intrarectal lidocaine gel application and periprostatic injection (4.250 versus 2.158, p 0.0001) and intrarectal lubricant gel application and periprostatic injection (4.933 versus 2.158, p 0.0001)Conclusions: Periprostatic lidocaine injection effectively lowers the pain scores of prostate biopsy than those who received lidocaine gel or lubricant gel. Improvement in patient tolerance permits the number of biopsy cores to be increased as necessary without increasing patient distress. Routine use of local anesthesia in the formed of periprostatic lidocaine injection is highly recommended in future biopsies
ABSTRACT
The initial experience in laparoscopic adrenalectomy has been performed transperitoneally. To further minimize the invasiveness, the concept of retroperitoneal laparoscopy was developed and is rapidly gaining grounds as the standard of care. Locally, surgeons have been reluctant in adopting this remarkable alternative due to lack of facilities, experience and support. Thus, only 4 cases of laparoscopic adrenalectomies, all via the transperitoneal approach, had been performed for the past 4 years. Considering the limited experience, inadequate facilities and instruments, still, it was successfully performed with some procedural innovations and technical modifications. It follows the principles of minimally invasive surgery that can avoid some of the physiologic and technical complications of transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy in the country. It proves the possibility of the procedure in the local setting. As an innovative addition to urological practice, retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy can therefore serve as an alternative treatment procedure for benign adrenal pathologies. (Author)
ABSTRACT
Graft substances such as skin, bladder and buccal mucosa have been used for urethral replacement when local epithelial tissue is not available. However, these subtances have been associated with meatal prolapse, stricture and fistula formation. We tried tunica vaginalis as a urethral graft in rabbitsA graft of tunica vaginalis was placed in the excised portion of the urethra in five experimental rabbits. After 6 weeks retrograde urethrograms revealed no strictures and a fistula formation in one rabbit. The histopathologic examination revealed that the tunica vaginalis was covered by the transitional epithelium of the urethra. The tunica vaginalis could be used as a urethral graft in animals with a fistula formation as a complication. (Author)